USE OF PASSIVE:

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action, object, OR subject.

Form of Passive:
Subject + finite form of to be +Past Participle
Example: A letter was written.

THE VERB PART OF THE ACTIVE/PASSIVE SENTENCES:
it's of two types: transitive and intransitive.

A verb can be either transitive or intransitive. A transitive verb needs an object (in sentence) to give complete meaning while intransitive verb does need an object (in sentence) to give complete meaning.
For example,

Transitive verb.
He sent a letter.
(Send is a transitive verb and it needs an object i.e. letter to express full meaning.)

Intransitive Verb.
He laughs.
(Laugh is an intransitive verb and it does not need object for expressing full meaning.)
e.g. Sleep, go, reach, sit, die, are examples of intransitive verbs.

in case of sentences , the objects used with intransitive verbs are NOT DIRECT. that is why, such sentences CANNOT be changed into passive form.
e.g.
1. he goes to school
2. i sat on the ground
3. she died in the room etc.

Phrases with TAKE

  Here are some common phrasal verbs and expressions with ‘take’:

- Take off (1) - to leave the ground (for a plane or helicopter)
- Take off (2) - to remove clothes (take off your hat)
- Take up - to accept or start something
- Take away - to remove, to take food home from a restaurant
- Take back - to apologise for something said
- Take over - to conquer, to get by force (take over a company).
- Take a nap - to sleep for a short time
- Take a look - to look quickly
- Take action - to do something
- Take root - to begin to grow (an idea took root in my mind)
- Take five - to have a short time to rest
- Take a break - to have a short time to rest
- Take a rest - to have a short time to rest
- Take a deep breath - to breathe deeply once
- Take it - to be able to stand or tolerate something (He hit Big Joe hard, but Big Joe could take it)
- Take medicine - to consume medicine ('eat medicine' is not correct).

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TOO AND NEITHER/EITHER :

like pizza, and my wife does too.

I don’t like carrots, and my husband doesn’t either.

A: I’ve been to Korea many times.

B: Oh really? I have too. What’s your favorite place in Korea?

A: I’ve never been to South America.

B: I haven’t either, but I’d really like to go there one day.

A: I can play the piano.

B: Oh really? Me too!

A: I can’t cook very well.

B: Me neither.

There is no difference in meaning between “either” and “neither”. We use “either” when there is another negative word in the sentence such as “not” or “never”. For example:

A: I’ve never tried scuba diving.

B: Oh yeah? I haven’t either.

However, we use “neither” when there is no other negative word in the sentence. For example:

A: I’ve never tried scuba diving.

B: Oh yeah? Neither have I.

So, we can say “Neither have I.” or “I haven’t either.” but we CANNOT say: “I haven’t neither.” because there are two negative words in the sentence.

Word is "Narcissism" which means :

Excessive interest in oneself or one's own physical appearance.

The story related to this word.

a youth who knelt daily beside a lake to contemplate his own beauty. He was so fascinated by himself that, one morning, he fell into the lake and drowned. At the spot where he fell, a flower was born, which was called the narcissus.

But this was not how the author of the book ended the story.

He said that when Narcissus died, the goddesses of the forest appeared and found the lake, which had been fresh water, transformed into a lake of salty tears.

'Why do you weep?' the goddesses asked.

'I weep for Narcissus," the lake replied.

'Ah, it is no surprise that you weep for Narcissus,' they said, 'for though we always pursued him in the forest, you alone could contemplate his beauty close at hand.'

'But... was Narcissus beautiful?' the lake asked.

'Who better than you to know that?' the goddesses asked in wonder. 'After all, it was by your banks that he knelt each day to contemplate himself!'

The lake was silent for some time. Finally, it said:

'I weep for Narcissus, but I never noticed that Narcissus was beautiful. I weep because, each time he knelt beside my banks, I could see, in the depths of his eyes, my own beauty reflected.'

“Least,” “Less,” “More,” and “Most”

The adjectives least,less,more, and most present difficulties for writers when the words are paired with other adjectives: Should hyphens be employed? And what about when little,much, and similar terms are involved?

Generally, do not hyphenate such constructions. The following examples are all correct:

“She bought the least expensive shampoo.”

“I’ve never heard a less interesting story.”

“That wasn’t the most regrettable part.”

“We have a more likely explanation.”

But use these words cautiously in such sentences. For example, “He made several more successful efforts”is ambiguous: Does it mean that the person added a few successful efforts to his record of previous successful ones, or that the person’s efforts were more successful than previous ones? Some writers choose to hyphenate “more successful” when appropriate in such a context, but such a strategy leads to inconsistency when the hyphen is omitted in a similar but unambiguous statement. “He made several additional successful efforts” or “He made several efforts that were more successful,” respectively, clarifies the writer’s intent without making exceptions.

Very is another problematic term. Most writers likely consider it obvious that no hyphen belongs in “John held up a very full bucket,” but very stands alone even when it modifies a hyphenated phrasal adjective, as in “They chose three very well-liked students.”

But compare these conventions with the custom for such words as little,much,seldom, and often. These words, all of which except of ten can be adjectives or adverbs, serve the latter function when they precede an adjective and a noun — and in this case, they require a hyphen. (That’s counterintuitive, because adjectives are often hyphenated to a following word, while adverbs rarely are.)

Here are some examples:

“Mary spoke about a little-understood aspect of the animal’s behavior.”

“He explained a much-misunderstood phenomenon.”

“The seldom-seen plant is found in only one place.”

“The project was plagued by interventions with often-inconclusive results.”

(As with phrasal adjectives, these word pairs are not hyphenated after the noun. For example, “Mary spoke about an aspect of the animal’s behavior that is little understood.”)

Note this exception: “The somewhat subjective report omitted some important details.”

Phrasal Verb Part 7

Phrasal Verb	Meaning
Sober up	Get rid of the effects of too much alcoholic
Stand up	Rise from a sitting position
Stick up for	Defend
Use up	Finish a product
Vie with	Compete with someone
Vouch for	To personally  guarantee
Ward off	Keep away or repeal
Warm up	Reheat something
Wash up	Wash the dishes after meal
Watch out	Be careful
Whip up	Prepare quickly
Wolf down	Eat quickly
Wind up	Finish
Wipe of	clean

Phrasal Verb Part 6

Phrasal Verb	Meaning
Pick out	Select
Pick up	Learn, collect
Play up	Cause pain or discomfort
Play down	Make something less important
Pop in	Make a brief visit
pop up	Arise, occur
Pull through	Overcome difficulties or illness
Put off	Postpone
Put on	Wear a garment or piece of clothing
Put out	Extinguish
Put through	Connect two people
Put up	Accommodate, Give someone abed
Put up with	Tolerance
Pick up	Collect somebody
Point out	Indicate
Reel off	Recite without effort or pause
Rely on	Depend on
Rub out	Erase
Run away	Escape from a place
Run into	Meet unexpectedly
Run out of	Have no more of something
Set off	Start a journey
Set up	Start a business
Shop around	Compare prices
Show off	Want to be admired
Show up	Appear or arrive
Shut up	Be silent
Sign away	Give up one’s rights or ownership
Sign in	Resister
Sign out	Pay a bill and leave
Single out	Select for special attention
Sink in	To be fully understood, click
Sit down	Take a seat
Sleep in	Sleep later than usual

Phrasal Verb Part 5